• Colombia is undergoing large socio-economic and political changes with unknown consequences for ecosystems and the services they provide.

• We review the capacity of Colombia to monitor ecosystems and how they change over time. We found that many programs are already in place that go in this direction.

• However, there is a large gap in terms of synthesis of existing information. Also, a system that consistently monitors ecosystem variables is urgently needed.

• To increase Colombia’s ability to respond to these transformations, we propose a set of actions to facilitate dialog, synthesis, and monitoring capacity.

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